International Licensing Examination (ILE) Practice Test

What surgery involves the removal of infected mastoid bone and creates a large middle ear cavity?

1. Myringotomy

2. Mastoidectomy

3. Tympanoplasty

4. Pressure equalization

The correct answer is: Mastoidectomy

The surgery that involves the removal of an infected mastoid bone and the creation of a large middle ear cavity is mastoidectomy. This procedure is primarily performed to address complications of otitis media (middle ear infection) that may extend into the mastoid bone, which is located behind the ear. During a mastoidectomy, the surgeon excises the infected or diseased mastoid bone, allowing for the drainage of any infection and the reconstruction of the ear anatomy. This may also allow for better aeration of the middle ear, which can help resolve the ongoing issues associated with recurrent ear infections. The creation of a larger middle ear cavity can also facilitate additional procedures or treatments if necessary. Other surgical options mentioned relate to ear conditions but do not specifically target the removal of mastoid bone or the creation of a middle ear cavity. Myringotomy is a procedure for making an incision in the tympanic membrane to relieve pressure and allow fluid drainage but does not involve mastoid removal. Tympanoplasty involves the reconstruction of the eardrum and does not directly address mastoid bone infections. Pressure equalization is related to equalizing pressure in the ear and does not involve surgical intervention for the infected mastoid.