International Licensing Examination (ILE) Practice Test

What phenomenon can occur as a result of an extreme pressure change in the ear?

1. Cholesteatoma

2. Barotrauma

3. Ossicular fixation

4. Acoustic neuroma

The correct answer is: Barotrauma

Barotrauma occurs as a result of extreme pressure changes in the ear, typically experienced during rapid altitude changes such as flying or diving. When there is a significant difference in pressure between the environment and the middle ear, the eustachian tube may not be able to equalize this pressure efficiently. This can lead to pain, discomfort, and potentially damage to the eardrum or other internal structures of the ear. The term "barotrauma" specifically refers to injuries caused by this pressure difference, distinguishing it from other ear-related conditions. For instance, while a cholesteatoma is a growth that can occur in the middle ear and is not directly caused by pressure changes, ossicular fixation involves the stapes bone becoming immobilized, often due to otosclerosis rather than pressure variations. Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor on the vestibulocochlear nerve, also unrelated to immediate pressure changes. Thus, barotrauma is the phenomenon most directly linked to extreme pressure changes in the ear, making it the correct answer.